中国畜禽遗传资源保护问题分析

畜禽遗传资源作为生物多样性的重要组成部分,在人类生产生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用。论文通过分析我国畜禽遗传资源现状,梳理了在管理、政策和保种技术研究方面取得的主要成效,分析了现阶段我国畜禽遗传资源面临的突出问题及主要原因,提出了具有针对性的保护对策。     

清瘟败毒散超微粉中黄芩苷的薄层鉴别和含量测定研究

分别建立了清瘟败毒散超微粉中黄芩苷的薄层鉴别方法和含量测定方法。采用聚酰胺薄膜为薄层板,乙酸乙酯-甲酸(6∶1)为展开剂,1%三氯化铁乙醇溶液为显色剂,可快速鉴别出黄芩苷成分。高效液相色谱法的色谱条件为:色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2 C18,流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸(47∶53∶0.2),检测波长为280 nm。结果显示,黄芩苷在12~72μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.12%。黄芩苷在清瘟败毒散超微粉中的含量相对较高,且稳定可靠,可以作为质量控制的指标。     

棉纤维发育相关转录因子的研究进展

 转录因子在棉纤维细胞分化发育过程中起重要的调节作用。近年来已经有多个与棉纤维发育相关的转录因子被研究报道,主要包括MYB、HD-ZIP、MADS、TCP等家族成员,其中研究最为广泛的为MYB类转录因子。GL1类的MYB转录因子和MIXTA类的MYB转录因子通过不同的调控方式参与对棉纤维细胞发育的调控。对这些转录因子的深入研究,对于揭示棉纤维细胞分化发育的分子机理具有重要的意义。本文就这方面的研究进展作一简要概述。     

氮素水平对转C4光合基因水稻花期剑叶PSⅡ荧光特性的影响

为探讨转C4光合基因水稻在生育后期剑叶PSⅡ对氮素水平的响应特性,采用转pepc(PC)、ppdk(PK)、pepc + ppdk(CK)和未转基因的Kitaake (WT)为试验材料,测定了不同氮素条件下(0.7 mmol/L(1/4N)、3 mmol/L (1N)、6mmol/L(2N))不同品种剑叶SPAD值和形态学指标的变化,并运用叶绿素荧光动力学技术测定了各个品种叶绿素荧光动力学曲线和荧光参数的变化.结果表明,1/4N处理能增加各品种的根长,减小剑叶面积、株高以及叶片叶绿素含量,2N能使剑叶面积和叶绿素含量增加,转C4光合基因品种叶绿素含量在1/4N氮条件下具有显著优势,PC在1/4N条件下具有最长根长和最大剑叶面积,具有显著的形态学优势.1/4N处理使所有品种的荧光曲线出现了K相(300μs处)的增加,转C4基因水稻材料K相的峰值都比原种低,PC的峰值最低.叶绿素荧光曲线分析表明,低氮破坏了剑叶PSⅡ的构造,造成所有品种PSⅡ的OEC失活,从而出现300 μs处K相的增加,低氮还造成所有品种失活反应中心增加,电子传递活性减弱,热耗散增加,进而造成PSⅡ最大光化学活性的减小.而PC在低氮当中PSⅡ的所有指标都显著高于其他品种,具有相对稳定的PSⅡ结构,具有耐低氮的优势.高氮对各品种PSⅡ光化学活性的影响不大.     

市售杂交稻种子籽粒质量分析

为探索市售杂交稻种子的质量现状,以30个水稻品种的种子为材料,分别对其分离浮水粒和沉水粒,并分析浮水粒组成成分,包括空粒、病粒、破损粒、芽粒以及秕粒(包括充实度＜1/2的谷粒和充实度＞1/2的谷粒).结果显示,各杂交种种子的浮水粒所占样品的比重在1.46％～38.94％之间,其中秕粒占据浮水粒的绝大部分,其数量百分比在67.46％～100％范围内变化;秕粒中又以充实度大于1/2的籽粒为主,占83％以上.     

Catalytic Performance of H3PW12O40-TiO2/bentonite in Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 hydrogel was prepared by the sol-gel method, and then H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was prepared through the intercalation of H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 into interlayer space. The characterization of XRD, SEM and EDS showed that H3PW12O40TiO2 species were successfully immobilized on bentonite, and the layer strucure of bentonite was changed. The discrete anatase TiO2 existed on the bentonite. H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was a composite material with the different particle size and th loose structure. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange showed that the photocatalytic activity of catalyst had been better by doping H3PW12O40, and the H3PW12O40/TiO2/bentonite had a wide applicable range of pH value. Moreover, H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite had a good catalytic stability. Based on the results of characterization analysis and catalytic performance, the schematic procedure for the action mechanism of H3PW12O40TiO2/Bentonite in photocatalysis was presented.     

园林绿化在健康城市建设中发展对策的探讨——以北京园林绿化建设为例

园林绿化事业承担着优化生态环境、推动可持续发展的艰巨任务,是健康城市建设的重要支撑。在阐述健康城市相关概念和特征的基础上,明确园林绿化在建设健康北京中的重要作用;对比国内外健康城市的园林绿化发展,针对北京健康城市建设中存在的问题,对在健康城市建设中,北京园林绿化建设该如何加强与发展提出了对策建议。     

QTL analysis for early-maturing traits in cotton using two upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crosses

Making use of the markers linked closely to QTL for early-maturing traits for MAS (Marker-assisted selection) is an effective method for the simultaneous improvement of early maturity and other properties in cotton. In this study, two F₂ populations and their F_2:3 families were generated from the two upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crosses, Baimian2 × TM-1 and Baimian2 × CIR12. QTL for early-maturing traits were analyzed using F_2:3 families. A total of 54 QTL (31 suggestive and 23 significant) were detected. Fourteen significant QTL had the LOD scores not only > 3 but also exceeding permutation threshold. At least four common QTL, qBP-17 for bud period (BP), qGP-17a/qGP-17b (qGP-17) for growth period (GP), qYPBF-17a/qYPBF-17b (qYPBF-17) for yield percentage before frost (YPBF) and qHFFBN-17 for height of first fruiting branch node (HFFBN), were found in both populations. These common QTL should be reliable and could be used for MAS to facilitate early maturity. The common QTL, qBP-17, had a LOD score not only > 3 but also exceeding permutation threshold, explaining 12.6% of the phenotypic variation. This QTL should be considered preferentially in MAS. Early-maturing traits of cotton are primarily controlled by dominant and over-dominant effects.     

Identification of qRL7, a major quantitative trait locus associated with rice root length in hydroponic conditions

Root system development is an important target for improving yield in rice. Active roots that can take up nutrients more efficiently are essential for improving grain yield. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using 215 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Xieqingzao B (XB), a maintainer line with short roots and R9308, a restorer line with long roots. Only a QTLs associated with root length were mapped on chromosomes 7. The QTL, named qRL7, was located between markers RM3859 and RM214 on chromosome 7 and explained 18.14–18.36% of the total phenotypic variance evaluated across two years. Fine mapping of qRL7 using eight BC₃F₃ recombinant lines mapped the QTL to between markers InDel11 and InDel17, which delimit a 657.35 kb interval in the reference cultivar Nipponbare. To determine the genotype classes for the target QTL in these BC₃F₃ recombinants, the root lengths of their BC₃F₄ progeny were investigated, and the result showed that qRL7 plays a crucial role in root length. The results of this study will increase our understanding of the genetic factors controlling root architecture, which will help rice breeders to breed varieties with deep, strong and vigorous root systems.     

湖南省林地测土配方信息系统应用—以江华县林地土壤及造林树种为例

以江华瑶族自治县林地测土配方信息系统土壤及造林树种为研究对象,对江华瑶族自治县境内不同土壤类型分布规律及林地测土配方信息系统推荐的适生树种进行了分析。结果表明：江华县林地土壤类型有16种土属,具有多样性;土壤水平与垂直分布规律明显,与适生的主要造林树种密切相关。在造林树种选择中运用林地测土配方信息系统,可有效改造林分质量,提高林地综合效益。同时提出运用林地测土配方信息系统选择造林树种的建议。